Your doctor has requested us to perform a CT scan to investigate your heart and its blood vessels. To achieve clear and still images, the heart ideally should be beating at a slow and steady rate (<60bpm). A normal heart rate can vary between 55-100 bpm, so in order to achieve a reliable heart rate of <60 bpm, medication is normally given before the scan to lower the heart rate to the target range. The medications commonly given are known as beta blockers (Metoprolol) and HCN channel blockers (Ivabradine).
Metoprolol and/or Ivabradine:
The medication is usually given in a tablet form, which normally takes 1 - 1.5 hrs to take effect. Occasionally, an injection form of the medication is also given. The medication will lower your heart rate as well as your blood pressure temporarily. The effects of the medication will last for a few hours, where it will slowly wear off and you should return to your normal heart rate and blood pressure.
It is common to experience some mild dizziness, light-headedness and tiredness after you are given the medication, especially if it is your first time using it. Therefore, it is important that you have organised a driver to take you home after the examination, as it may not be safe to drive or operate machinery for a few hours.
The amount of medication you will be given will depend on your initial heart rate, and your medical history factors.
If you have a history of moderate to severe asthma or obstructive lung conditions, you will most likely be given Ivabradine only. Metoprolol can increase the chances and severity of an asthma attack.
Nitrolingual Spray:
A medication called Nitrolingual Spray (GTN) will also be sprayed under your tongue just before the scan. This medication will open up the blood vessels of the heart for better diagnosis. The spray can give you a headache afterwards, but the effects of the spray only last for approx 20-30 mins before wearing off. Your blood pressure may decrease temporarily after having the spray.
You will be closely monitored during the exam. Adverse or allergic reactions are very rare, but can occur. These can include very low blood pressure, low heart rate, severe dizziness and fatigue, fainting and loss of consciousness, breathing difficulties, asthma, shock, and circulatory disturbance. Signs of an allergic reaction can be sneezing, itchy rash/hives, tingling of the lips, swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat.